Attribution of the respective occupational stress and risk factors to MSDs -
Kompletter Text unter
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4. Discussion
In summary, it should be pointed out that in all 16 studies mentioned above, psychosocial factors - apart from physical occupational factors - can be assumed to have a separate effect on the occurrence of pain and complaints of the musculoskeletal system. The site of occurrence examined best in new studies is the lumbar spine with corresponding back pain in this area. Social support from superiors and colleagues is identified as a frequently occurring psychosocial factor. In addition, individual factors were identified such as: sleep disturbance, low control, job satisfaction, monotonous work, stress, health behavior, mental suffering, job demands, contradictory duties, work intensity and organizational demands (pressure of time). A single study examining the link between psychosocial requirements and functional limitations of the lumbar spine (Leroux) detects no influence of psychosocial factors beyond the physical factors.
A further five studies study the link between psychosocial and physical factors and the occurrence of neck/shoulder complaints. Apart from the study by Östergren [9], in which first and foremost exposure to physical factors is considered decisive, the following psychosocial factors were identified for which an additional effect on the occurrence of neck/shoulder complaints was described: job satisfaction, workplace safety, quantitative job demands, lack of freedom of decision/passive work, monotonous work, high job demands and social support.
The study carried out by Joling et al [13]. is special. The authors examined the extent to which psychosocial factors can reduce the negative effects of physical factors. They found that for MSDs in general, high-quality communication and social support from colleagues and superiors can moderate the effects of physical factors.
Due to the shortage of data on the interaction between physical and psychological factors with regard to the development of MSDs, it is not currently possible to create a ranking. It should merely be emphasized here that psychological factors quite probably have an independent influence
